Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Princeton Chromatography's Stationary Phases



©PCI•2002

Characteristics



	Particle Shape
	Particle Size
	Pore Size
	Bonding Chemistry
	Column Dimensions
	PCI Part# Code

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS of PCI's STATIONARY PHASES

...In order to produce the variety of stationary phases offered by Princeton Chromatography, different chemical functionalities are covalently bonded onto totally porous particles of silica. Particles are available in various sizes and shapes, and with a range of pore sizes. The various bonded groups are described below. After a primary bonding, some phases are endcapped to further reduce the number of residual silanols.




• Particle Shape
• Particle Size
• Pore Size




	• Bonding Chemistry
	• Column Dimensions
	• Building the PCI Part#

	Particle Shape
	PrincetonSPHER materials are spherical in shape while PrincetonSORB and PharmaBond materials are irregular. Higher column efficiencies are obtained with spherical particles than with irregular particles than with irregular particles because spherical particles can form more tightly packed beds thereby reducing the column void volume.

	Particle Size
	Particle size is the diameter of the stationary phase particle in microns (µ). The particle sizes quoted are the mean size for that material. Princeton Chromatography carefully monitors the particle size distribution of its stationary phases to maintain batch to batch reproducibility. Princeton Chromatography offers particles sizes of 10, 5 and 3 microns. Smaller particles offer more efficiency but produce higher back pressure. Extra care must be given to filtration of samples and mobile phases when using 5 and 3µ particles compared to 10µ particles. Particle size codes are given in Table_1, and are incorporated into the column Part # at the "µ" position.

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	Pore Size
	Pore Size is the average size of the pores in the particle stationary phase in angstroms (Å). The amount of surface area in meters squared, which is available for bonding, and therefore available for analyte retention, is dependent on pore size. A larger pore size means bigger holes in the particle, leaving less surface area than would many smaller holes. The higher the surface area, the higher the carbon-load. Princeton Chromatography offers stationary phases with pore sizes of 60, 100, 125, 200, and 300Å. Pore size codes are given in Table_2.

Bonding Chemistry

Princeton Chromatography offers a variety of different covalently bonded chemical functionalities. These bonded phase codes are given in Table_3.

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Column Dimensions

Column Dimensions are described by the column length, either in cm or mm, and the column inside diameter in mm. The size of the column is determined by its intended use by the particle size of the stationary phase. For example, 3 micron particles are packed in shorter column lengths because a 250mm column would, under usual circumstances, generate too much back pressure for a typical HPLC system. Also, because the 3 micron particles are very efficient, a shorter column probably has enough theoretical plates for the required separation. The typical analytical column inside diameter has been 4.6mm. In order to reduce the volume of the column effluent, operators of LC-MS systems have looked toward smaller ID columns. Princeton Chromatography offers analytical columns in column ID's of 4.6, 4.0, 3.0, and 2.0mm. Prep columns are available in ID's of 10.0, 21.2, 30.0, and 50mm. In addition to these sizes, Princeton Chromatography offers PharmaBOND columns in the 300 x 3.9mm size used by Waters for their µBondapak columns.

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Building the Princeton Chromatography Part#

The Princeton Chromatography Part# Code:

mmm/mmm-ÅÅµBP

mmm/mmm: Represents the column dimensions. The first three are the column length in millimeters (mm), the next three represent the column ID in millimeters (mm).

ÅÅ: Represents the pore size in angstroms. Refer to Table_2

µ: Represents the particle size code. Refer to Table_1

BP: Represents the code for the bonded phase.
Refer to Table_3

Note: The part # codes are also given in the price list.

		Table 1: Particle Size Codes

Code	µ
0	10
5	5
3	3

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		Table 2: Pore size Codes

Code	Å
01	60
03	100
05	125
07	200
08	300

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Table 3: Bonded Phases

	E= Endcapped N= Non-Endcapped

Code	Phase	E/N	Code	Phase	E/N	Code	Phase	E/N
01	C-18	E	17	WCX	N	50	C-18 Polymeric	N
02	C-8	E	18	WAX	N	51	Diphenyl	E
03	C-6	E	19	PSCX	N	70	HTS	E
04	C-4	N	21	Ultima C-18	E	71	C-27	E
05	Phenyl	E	22	Ultima C-8	E	72	SEC, aq	N
06	PFP	E	23	Ultima Phenyl	E	73	SEC, org	N
07	Cyano	N	29	Mono-OH	N	74	C-30	N
08	Amino	N	31	C-18/NH2	N	75	DEA
09	Diol	N	32	C-18/COOH	N	76	Benzamide
10	Silica		33	C-18/SO3H	N	77	EP	N
11	D-DNB-LEU	N	34	C-8/NH2		78	Omni-C-18	E
12	L-DNB-LEU	N	35	C-8/COOH		79	Diol-HL
13	D-DNB-PHGLY	N	36	C-8/SO3H		80	PA
14	L-DNB-PHGLY	N	41	Fluoro-Propyl	N	81	DCI-Urea
15	SCX	N	42	Fluoro-Octyl	E	82	Pyridine-Urea
16	SAX	N

PFP: pentafluorophenyl
DNB-LEU: dinitrobenzoyl
DNB-PHGLY: dinitrobenzoyl phenylglycine
PSCX: phenyl strong cation exchanger
HTS: High throughput screening

DEA: diethylamino
EP: ethylpyridine
Diol-HL: High load Diol
PA: propylacetamide

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	Note
If the item that you are seeking is not listed in the catalog, please call for information. PCI strives to add new products to meet the needs of chromatographers.